Chaire de recherche du Canada en ÉPI
Équipe
Noémie Laurens est candidate au doctorat en science politique à l'Université Laval. Titulaire d'une maîtrise en stratégie fiscale et juridique internationale d'HEC Paris, ainsi que d'une maîtrise en économie de l'environnement de l'Université de Bordeaux, Noémie est assistante de recherche à la Chaire de recherche du Canada en Économie Politique Internationale depuis juin 2017. Dans le cadre de son travail à la Chaire, Noémie contribue à la construction et la mise à jour de bases de données de traités de libre-échange et de traités environnementaux. Elle travaille également sur plusieurs articles scientifiques en lien avec ces bases de données.
À l'automne 2021, elle a enseigné un cours de 1er cycle en structuration de la recherche à un groupe de 104 étudiant.e.s.
Noémie a effectué un séjour de recherche de six mois à l'Université McGill (Montréal) en 2019, de deux mois au Graduate Institute (Genève) en 2020 et de quatre mois au CÉRIUM (Montréal) en 2021.
En 2019, elle a obtenu un financement de trois ans de la part du Fonds de recherche du Québec – Société et culture (FRQSC).
Projet de thèse : Designing living treaties: An investigation of the frontier between institutional adaptability and adaptation.
Courriel : noemie.laurens.1@ulaval.ca
Intérêts de recherche
Relations internationales, gouvernance environnementale, commerce international, design institutionnel, analyse de survie, analyse statistique, analyse de réseaux, QCA
Articles scientifiques
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Laurens, N, C. Brand & J-F Morin (2021) "Climate and Trade Policies: From Silos to Integration" Climate Policy accepted for publication.
This paper investigates linkages between trade and climate policies by examining commitments made in preferential trade agreements (PTAs) and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. While environmental protection and economic growth are often perceived as conflicting policy goals, PTAs and NDCs have the potential to encourage mutually supportive approaches to climate and trade governance. Building upon three recent datasets, the paper locates a sample of 21 countries in a typology of four issue-linkage strategies across both types of instruments: policy integration, policy silos, asymmetry in favor of trade policy, and asymmetry in favor of climate policy. It finds that countries that reveal a preference for strong linkage with climate in their PTAs typically do not reveal a preference for strong trade linkage in their NDCs, and vice versa. No state from the sample favors strong policy integration. After sketching out possible explanations for this observation, the paper concludes that policy-makers have significant room for enhancing synergies between trade and climate commitments and that scholars have a role to play in this endeavor.
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Laurens, N and JF Morin (2019) "Negotiating Environmental Protection in Trade Agreements: A Regime Shift or a Tactical Linkage?" International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 19(6), 533-556.
The prolific literature on the relationship between the trade and environmental regimes suffers from three shortcomings. First, it myopically focuses on multilateral institutions while the vast majority of trade and environmental agreements are bilateral. Second, when studies consider preferential trade agreements’ (PTAs) environmental provisions, they are often limited to US and EU agreements. Third, it examines how the trade and environmental regimes negatively affect each other, leaving aside their potential synergies. Conversely, this article assesses the potential contribution of PTAs to international environmental law. Several PTAs include a full-fledged chapter devoted to environmental protection and contain detailed commitments on various environmental issue areas. One possible scenario is that countries that are dissatisfied with traditional settings for environmental lawmaking engage in a process of “regime shifting” toward PTAs to move forward on their environmental agenda. The alternative is that PTAs’ environmental provisions are the result of “tactical linkages” and merely duplicate extant obligations from international environmental law to serve political goals. We shed light on this question by building on two datasets of 690 PTAs and 2343 environmental treaties. We investigate four potential contributions of PTAs to environmental law: the diffusion of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), the diffusion of existing environmental rules, the design of new environmental rules, and the legal prevalence of MEAs. The article concludes that the contribution of PTAs to the strengthening of states’ commitments under international environmental law is very modest on the four dimensions examined.
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Laurens, N, Z Dove, JF Morin and S. Jinnah (2019) "NAFTA 2.0: The Greenest Trade Agreement Ever?", World Trade Review 18(4) : 659-677.
The renegotiation of what US President Trump called “the worst trade deal ever” has resulted in the most detailed environmental chapter in any trade agreement in history. The USMCA mentions dozens of environmental issues that its predecessor, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), overlooked, and in line with contemporary US practice, brings the vast majority of environmental provisions into the core of the agreement, and subjects these provisions to a sanction-based dispute settlement mechanism. It also jettisons two controversial NAFTA measures potentially harmful to the environment. However, this paper argues that the USMCA only makes limited contributions to environmental protection. It primarily replicates most of the environmental provisions included in prior agreements, and only introduces three new environmental provisions. Moreover, it avoids important issues such as climate change, it does not mention the precautionary principle, and it scales back some environmental provisions related to multilateral environmental agreements.
Chapitres d’ouvrages collectifs
Communications avec arbitrage
Conférences, séminaires et ateliers
Rapports et documents de politique
Textes d’opinion et lettres ouvertes
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Laurens, N et JF Morin, "Le véritables déficiences environnementales dans les accords commerciaux sont ailleurs",Le Monde, 28 juillet 2020.
Sur les enjeux du commerce et du climat, les deux politistes Noémie Laurens et Jean-Frédéric Morin invitent, dans une tribune au « Monde », à mieux choisir ses batailles, par exemple, à s’attaquer aux subventions octroyées aux énergies fossiles, plutôt qu’à remettre en cause le CETA.